History of Science & Technology
The history of science and technology links many disciplines and cultures: scientific, technological, humanistic and social. Smith’s program in the history of science and technology is designed to serve all Smith students. Courses in the program examine science and technology in their cultural and social contexts, and the ways in which scientific inquiries, achievements and debates have shaped and continue to shape human culture (and vice versa). The history of science and technology minor complements majors in the humanities, social sciences and the natural sciences.
The Program in the History of Science and Technology at Smith aims to cultivate in students a critical, historical understanding of science and technology and their interactions with each other. Students minoring in the program study science and technology in their social, cultural and intellectual milieus. They do so in an interdisciplinary setting, with faculty and approaches drawn from all of the major divisions of the college.
The study of the history of science and technology offers many rewards. Careful analysis and criticism of texts and objects is useful for all students. Students learn how science and technology have been major forces in the development of human societies and cultures. In addition, they learn how the theoretical and experimental practices of the sciences have been influenced by societies and cultures. Among other functions, exposure to the history of science and technology allows students to see that these endeavors have looked and operated differently in times past, that this history influences their development, and that they are linked to each other and the larger culture in different ways throughout history.
Students come to understand how science and technology progress even though scientists change their minds dramatically, compete quite vigorously and defend ideas in the face of overwhelming counterevidence.
Requirements & Courses
History of Science and Technology Minor
Requirements
Six courses
- A basis course in the history of science and technology: a relevant FYS, HSC 207/ ENG 207 or a topic of PHI 211
- Two courses in the natural or mathematical sciences
- Three courses in the field of history of science and technology chosen in consultation with the student’s minor adviser. Normally one of the history of science and technology courses will be HSC 404, but another course may be substituted with the approval of the adviser.
Work at the Smithsonian Institution in the Picker Program counts as one course toward the minor.
Students considering a minor in the history of science and technology are urged to consult with their advisers as early as possible.
Courses
HSC 207/ ENG 207 The Technology of Reading and Writing (4 Credits)
Offered as ENG 207 and HSC 207. An introductory exploration of the physical forms that knowledge and communication have taken in the West, from ancient oral cultures to modern print-literate culture. The main interest is in discovering how what is said and thought in a culture reflects its available kinds of literacy and media of communication. Discussions to include poetry and memory in oral cultures; the invention of writing; the invention of prose; literature and science in a manuscript culture; the coming of printing; changing concepts of publication, authorship, and originality; movements toward standardization in language; and the fundamentally transformative effects of electronic communication. {L}
Fall, Spring, Alternate Years
HSC 404 Special Studies (4 Credits)
Instructor permission required.
Fall, Spring, Annually
Crosslisted Courses
AMS 245 Feminist & Indigenous Science (4 Credits)
This course considers such questions as: What does one know and how does one know it? What knowledges count as science? How is knowledge culturally situated? How has science been central to colonialism and capitalism, and what would it mean to decolonize science(s)? Is feminist science possible? The course looks at key sites and situations in media and popular culture; science writing; sociological accounts of science; creation stories; and traditional knowledges in which knowledge around the categories of race, gender, sex, sexuality, sovereignty and dis/ability are produced, contested and made meaningful. Enrollment limited to 35. {H}{S}
Fall, Spring, Variable
ANT 135/ ARC 135 Introduction to Archaeology (4 Credits)
Offered as ANT 135 and ARC 135. This course studies past cultures and societies through their material remains and explores how archaeologists use different field methods, analytical techniques and theoretical approaches to investigate, reconstruct and learn from the past. Data from settlement surveys, site excavations and artifact analysis are used to address economic, social, political and ideological questions across time and space. This course is taught from an anthropological perspective, exploring key transitions in human prehistory, including the origins of food production, social inequality and state-level societies across the globe. Relevance of archaeological practice in modern political, economic and social contexts is explored. Restrictions: First-years and sophomores only. Enrollment limited to 30. {N}{S}
Fall
ANT 224/ ENV 224 Anthropos in the Anthropocene (4 Credits)
Offered as ANT 224 and ENV 224. Anthropology seeks to understand human life in all its complexity, but what constitutes the human is far from straightforward. This course examines the changing ways that Anthropos is being understood in an era of rapid global climate change and our planet’s sixth mass extinction event, both driven by human activities. We review perspectives on the relationship between humans and their environment from various cultural perspectives, considering how they engage notions of race, class, and gender, and what they imply for nature conservation. Topics include modernity, pets, cyborgs, kinship, symbiosis, extinction, species invasions, settler colonialism and the Anthropocene concept. Enrollment limited to 30. {S}
Fall, Spring, Variable
ANT 229 Africa and the Environment (4 Credits)
In Western discourses, African environments are defined by violence, famine and degradation. These characteristics are depicted as symptoms of an African resistance to Western values such as private property, democracy and environmentalism. This course encourages students to think critically about such portrayals by learning about specific environments in Africa and how humans have interacted with them across time. The syllabus is anchored in cultural anthropology, but includes units on human evolution, the origins and spread of pastoralism, the history of colonial conservation science and more. Discussions covered include gender, race, land grabbing, indigenous knowledge, the commons, the cattle complex, desertification, oil, dams and nationalism. {H}{N}{S}
Fall, Spring, Variable
ANT 248 Medical Anthropology (4 Credits)
This course looks at the cultural construction of illness by examining systems of diagnosis, classification, and therapy in both non-Western and Western societies. Special attention is given to the role of the traditional healer, the anthropological contribution to international health care, and the training of physicians in the United States. Restrictions: Not open to first years. Enrollment limited to 30. {N}{S}
Fall, Spring, Alternate Years
ENG 207/ HSC 207 The Technology of Reading and Writing (4 Credits)
Offered as ENG 207 and HSC 207. An introductory exploration of the physical forms that knowledge and communication have taken in the West, from ancient oral cultures to modern print-literate culture. The main interest is in discovering how what is said and thought in a culture reflects its available kinds of literacy and media of communication. Discussions to include poetry and memory in oral cultures; the invention of writing; the invention of prose; literature and science in a manuscript culture; the coming of printing; changing concepts of publication, authorship, and originality; movements toward standardization in language; and the fundamentally transformative effects of electronic communication. {L}
Fall, Spring, Alternate Years
HST 227mm Colloquium: Topics in Medieval European History-Magic in the Middle Ages (4 Credits)
The course uses magic as a case study for exploring cultural transmission in the Middle Ages. The course examines Germanic and Greco-Roman occult traditions, and the way in which the medieval synthesis of these cultures effects understandings of the occult. The course follows the influence of the Arabic and Hebrew influences on western occultism of the High Middle Ages, and flowering of the Renaissance magical tradition. The course challenges and reshapes some of our basic understandings about Medieval society. It problematizes modern division between science, magic and religion to illustrate how occult beliefs were part of wider religious experiences. Enrollment limited to 18. {H}
Fall, Spring, Variable
PHI 211pn Topics in Science and Society-Pandemics (4 Credits)
How do we represent pandemics? How do these representations implicate science, politics and society? The prevalent ‘contagion’ frame is a story about seeing the microbe as the enemy, erasing or downplaying human agency and practices (especially the expansion into new ecosystems), and affirming epidemiology and medical science as the only solution. The frame carries over into politics and culture and provides a way to translate the science of contagious disease into social terms that influence the public and also public policy. This frame and others are used to explore past and current pandemics.Enrollment limited to 40. {H}{S}
Fall, Spring, Variable
PHI 211sr Topics in Science and Society-The Scientific Revolution (4 Credits)
What was the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries? Did a revolution even occur? If it did, was it really revolutionary? If it occurred, what forces produced it? How did the boundaries of “science,” which was known as “natural philosophy,” change during this time period? Readings are drawn from primary and secondary sources. Enrollment limited to 40. {H}{N}
Fall, Spring, Variable
PHI 224 Philosophy of Science (4 Credits)
Case studies in the history of science are used to examine philosophical issues as they arise in scientific practice. Topics include the relative importance of theories, models and experiments; realism; explanation; confirmation of theories and hypotheses; causes; and the role of values in science. {M}{N}
Fall, Spring, Alternate Years
PHI 238 Environmental Philosophy (4 Credits)
This course prepares students to understand and critically evaluate various ethical perspectives on human beings’ interactions with nature and these perspectives’ applications to environmental issues. The principal ethical perspectives studied are anthropocentrism, biocentric individualism, environmental holism and environmental pragmatism. The class studies representative descriptions and defenses of these perspectives and examine in particular whether they can validly and effectively help us resolve environmental problems. Students study controversies about biodiversity, wilderness protection, global climate change and pollution. Enrollment limited to 40. {H}{S}
Fall, Spring, Alternate Years
Additional Course Information
UMass Amherst
Anthropology 212 - Science, Technology & Society (4 cr)
Nicholas Caverly
This course explores scientific and technical systems that permeate our lives. By way of facial recognition, IQ tests, vaccine protocols, hydroelectric dams, and other systems, we will focus on the all-too-human questions embedded in processes of scientific innovation and technological development. Together, we will address the following: What makes something a scientific fact? Who benefits and who is harmed by emerging platforms? How do social, political, and economic inequities shape technology and vice-versa? Can we engineer alternate futures? There are no prerequisites. Introductory experience in anthropology (e.g. 100, 104, 105) or an allied discipline (e.g. History, Sociology, Geography, WGSS) is an asset, but not required to do well. (Gen. Ed. SB, DG)
Meeting Times: TU TH 4:00PM 5:15PM
Schedule #: 35375
Location: Machmer Hall room E-33
Instructor Email: ncaverly@umass.edu
History 117 - Science & Society/Modern China (4 cr)
Science has meant many things in modern Chinese history. It has been pursued as a force for sovereignty, enlightenment, civilization, modernity, economic development, social transformation, political liberation, state authority, democracy, populism, individual opportunity, international solidarity, global power, and more. This course will explore how science has shaped modern Chinese history and the roles played by scientists in supporting and challenging the state. It will also examine how specific social, cultural, and political contexts have shaped the practice and policy of science in China, and how the specific visions for science that have emerged there have influenced and inspired people within the country and around the world. Throughout the course, we will be attuned to the effects of power relations on the history of science in China, including the Chinese state?s geopolitical maneuverings in the contexts of colonialism and the Cold War, revolutionary challenges to ivory-tower elitism, and scientists? struggles to find their voices within and against the state. (Gen. Ed. HS, DG)
Meeting Times: TU TH 8:30AM 9:45AM
Schedule #: 30805
History 180 - Western Sci & Tech I (4 cr)
Brian Ogilvie
Focus on the birth of Western science in the rational cosmology of the ancient Greeks, on its transmission to medieval Europe, and its eventual overturning in the Scientific Revolution of the 16th and 17th centuries. (Gen.Ed. HS)
Meeting Times: M W 9:05AM 9:55AM
Schedule #: 30762
Location: Bartlett Hall room 61
Instructor Email: ogilvie@history.umass.edu
History 264 - History/Health Care & Med/US (4 cr)
Emily Hamilton
Meeting Times: M W 10:10AM 11:00AM
Schedule #: 30788
Location: Hasbrouck Lab Add room 124
Instructor Email: ehamilton@history.umass.edu
This is the lecture. There are discussion sections associated with the lecture.
History 380 - SciTechWar—20th-Century US/Europe (3 cr)
Emily Hamilton
Meeting Times: M W F 9:05AM 9:55AM
Schedule #: 30868
Location: Herter Hall room 205
Instructor Email: ehamilton@history.umass.edu
School of Pub Hlth & Hlth Sci 150 - Great Challenges/SPHHS
This course is designed to give students an overview of the field of public health and health sciences. We will examine the history and philosophy of public health and basic epidemiology before exploring some of the many challenges faced by communities and public health and health sciences professionals across the world. (Gen. Ed. SB, DU)
Meeting Times: TH 8:30AM 9:20AM
Schedule #: 35048
Location: Furcolo W room 107
Mount Holyoke College
Film, Media, Theater 330EA - Advanced Courses in History and Theory: 'Envisioning Apocalypse' (4 cr)
Hannah Goodwin
Meeting Times: T TH 01:45PM-03:00PM
Schedule #: 125351
Instructor Email: hgoodwin@mtholyoke.edu
Students are encouraged to explore the minor through courses at the Five Colleges, during study abroad and in the Jean Picker Semester-in-Washington Program at the Smithsonian Institution.
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Faculty
Virtual Museum of Ancient Inventions
The Virtual Museum of Ancient Inventions is a project that was begun by students in the course Ancient Inventions, which was offered at Smith from 1997 through 2004.
Contact History of Science & Technology
Dewey Hall 202
Smith College
Northampton, MA
Phone: 413-585-3425 Email: djett@smith.edu
Administrative Assistant: Daryl Jett
Director: Jeffry Ramsey